Historical Overview

U.S.-Indian treaty information by era

Before the War of 1812

U.S.-Indian relations from the Revolution to the first treaties in the Louisana Purchase.

War of 1812 Aftermath, 1818

Treaties establish a new international status quo after British military, trade withdrawal.

1819 to Indian Removal Act (1830)

Boundary making, negotiated removal and the rise of St. Louis.

Removal Era (1830s)

Ethnic cleansing becomes official U.S. policy.

Further US Expansion, 1840-1859

U.S. boundaries, settlement, and resource extraction reach the Pacific.

Civil War to End of Treaty Making

Reservations, Railroads, Timber, War and the Indian Peace Commisions.